3D plots

Any 3D trace switches the whole plot to the orbit camera: drag rotates, shift-drag pans, scroll zooms, double-click resets. All 3D traces share one (x, y, z) space — no axis is special — with a bounding-box wireframe for orientation (set_show_box(False) hides it) and depth fog for distance cueing. Named 3D traces get the same legend as 2D charts.

Scatter

plot.add_scatter3d(xs, ys, zs, color=(230, 60, 120), size=3.0)

Graphs

Node-link graphs with per-node styling and interactive picking:

plot.add_graph3d(
    xs, ys, zs,
    edges=[(0, 1), (1, 2)],
    node_colors=[...],          # per node, else uniform `color`
    node_sizes=[...],           # per node, else `size`
    edge_colors=[...],          # per edge, else dimmed endpoint blend
    node_shapes=["disc", "ring", "square", "triangle", "diamond",
                 "diamond-open", "dot"],
)

Hovered nodes and edges light up white; clicks select. See Interaction.

Lines

Polylines — trajectories, orbits, curves — in the same space as scatter:

plot.add_line3d(xs, ys, zs, color=None, width=2.0, name=None)

Strokes carry interpolated depth, so lines occlude correctly against other geometry. A NaN vertex breaks the line into separate runs. Vertices are not pickable, so adding lines never shifts existing node indices.

Surfaces

Grid surfaces, Gouraud-shaded with a headlight and a height colormap:

plot.add_surface3d(
    xs, ys, Z,               # Z[j][i] is the height at (xs[i], ys[j])
    colormap="viridis",      # or "plasma"; None + `color` for a solid surface
    wireframe=False,         # overlay the grid lines
    name=None,
)

Z is a list of rows or a 2D NumPy array. Every vertex gets its own ramp color, normal, and fog depth, interpolated across each cell — surfaces render as smooth gradients, not flat facets. Cells with a NaN corner become holes. Grid vertices are not pickable.

The z-buffer handles occlusion globally: a trajectory drawn through a surface disappears behind hills and re-emerges, with no ordering to manage.